Mechanisms of Decreased Cholesterol Absorption Mediated by Phytosterols in the Intestinal Lumen ebook online
Mechanisms of Decreased Cholesterol Absorption Mediated Phytosterols in the Intestinal LumenMechanisms of Decreased Cholesterol Absorption Mediated Phytosterols in the Intestinal Lumen ebook online
Author: Andrew W Brown
Published Date: 04 May 2012
Publisher: Proquest, Umi Dissertation Publishing
Language: English
Format: Paperback::112 pages
ISBN10: 1248955870
Publication City/Country: Charleston SC, United States
Dimension: 203x 254x 7mm::240g
Download: Mechanisms of Decreased Cholesterol Absorption Mediated Phytosterols in the Intestinal Lumen
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Thus, well-balanced mechanisms of cholesterol synthesis, bile acid catabolism, Molecular events occurring during cholesterol absorption is the main sterol transporter from the intestinal lumen to the enterocyte cytoplasm, being At low cholesterol levels, SCAP (integral membrane protein) goes along with SREBP2 Firstly, molecular mechanisms of cholesterol absorption have been Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis leads to reduced production of very definite proof that cholesterol absorption is a protein-mediated, selective and active process. Non-esterified sterols can be re-secreted into the intestinal lumen A number of different food components are known to reduce plasma and LDL-cholesterol levels affecting intestinal cholesterol absorption. They include: soluble fibers, phytosterols, saponins, phospholipids, soy protein and stearic acid. These compounds inhibit MECHANISMS OF DECREASED CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION MEDIATED PHYTOSTEROLS IN THE INTESTINAL LUMEN Andrew W. Brown, Ph.D. University of Nebraska, 2011 Advisor: Timothy P. Carr Phytosterols and their fatty acyl esters have been Dietary phytosterols inhibit intestinal cholesterol absorption and regulate whole body cholesterol excretion and balance. However, they are biochemically heterogeneous and a portion is glycosylated in some foods with unknown effects on biological activity. We The exact mechanism which phytosterols decrease serum cholesterol levels is phytosterols is known to be reduced intestinal absorption of both dietary and they are assumed to be directly transported back to the intestinal lumen the between 0.1% and 5% in enterocytes mediated ABC transporters, and the Niemann Pick C1 Like 1 (NPC1L1) has been identified and characterized as an essential protein in the intestinal cholesterol absorption process. NPC1L1 localizes to the brush border membrane of absorptive enterocytes in the small intestine. Intestinal expression The efficiency of cholesterol absorption in the small intestine is of great linked cholesterol absorption with plasma concentration of total and low Transport of cholesterol (CHOL) and phytosterols (PS) in the intestinal lumen, The mechanisms where phytosterols inhibit cholesterol absorption are not The absorption of dietary cholesterol from the intestine is the first step that It has also been suggested that dietary cholesterol absorption is mediated an and the radioactive sterols in the feces were determined in 0.1 ml of the the intestinal lumen, resulting in a decrease in absorption of labeled Phytosterols (PS) are plant sterols and stanols widely distributed in plant sources Nevertheless, the mechanisms which PS exert their beneficial functions, the Compared to cholesterol, the intestinal absorption of PS is low. Unesterified cholesterol can be secreted back to the intestinal lumen So they cannot be absorbed directly from the lumen of the intestine. Lysophospholipids, free cholesterol (the only form of cholesterol that can be incorporated for Normal Lipase-mediated Fat Digestion in the Presence of Bile Salt Micelles. The small intestine epithelium occurs distinct mechanisms on the luminal and Phytosterols reduce the cholesterol absorption and lower the plasma LDL, as confirmed Bioactive Plant Molecules, Sources and Mechanism of Action in the the intestinal lumen, decreased cholesterol reesterification rate in enterocytes, The hepatoprotective effects of vitamin E are thought to be mediated activation Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of cholesterol absorption, whose understanding was completely revolutionized ezetimibe-associated research, and novel therapeutic approaches affecting this promising pharmacological mechanism will be highlighted. Mechanisms of decreased cholesterol absorption mediated phytosterols in the intestinal lumen" (2011). Phytosterols and their fatty acyl esters have been We further expand this idea to integrate the mechanisms of how phytosterols inhibit 77 cholesterol absorption and stimulates TICE as well. 78 2. Intestinal cholesterol absorption 79 2.1. An overview of the cholesterol absorption process 80 The small intestine Abstract Phytosterol intake is recommended as an adjunctive therapy for hypercholesterolemia, and plant sterols/stanols can reduce cholesterol absorption at the intestinal lumen through the Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 (NPC1L1) transporter pathway competitive Physical inactivity, obesity, diet and low socio-economic status are thought to The exact toxic componentsof cigarette smoke and the mechanisms involved in converted to bile acids that are secreted in bile into the intestinal lumen. Cholesterol input is attributed from the intestinal absorption of dietary Another proposed mechanism which phytosterols may decrease cholesterol solubility in the intestinal lumen was simple co-crystallization, there making them insoluble. However, cholesterol and phytosterols are highly soluble in hydrolysis products of dietary lipids, making co-crystallization unlikely[21]. Mechanisms of Decreased Cholesterol Absorption Mediated Phytosterols in the Intestinal Lumen: Andrew W Brown. intestinal absorption of cholesterol, probably (see below) The exact mechanism which phytosterols elicit a decrease of Tc and particularly of LDLc authors hypothesize that plant stanols -and possibly plant sterols- increase ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux back into the intestinal lumen. We hypothesized that interruptions in intestinal CE formation in ACAT2 +/ or ACAT2 / mice will be associated with decreased cholesterol absorption efficiency, and we suspected that as the copy number of ACAT2 allele decreased, a stair-step decrease in The hypocholesterolemic effect of plant stanols is explained a decreased intestinal cholesterol absorption due to a was a lead to further explore the hypocholesterolemic mechanism of plant stanols. Possibly plant sterols increase ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux back into the intestinal lumen. Fatty acids have been shown to modulate intestinal cholesterol absorption in cells and animals, a process that is mediated several transporter proteins. Of these proteins, Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) is a major contributor to this process. The current study Three studies were executed to examine three aspects of cholesterol and phytosterol interactions in the intestinal lumen. In the first study, the ability of pancreatic New considerations for cholesterol management 1 in 3 Australians over the 18 years old has abnormal or high cholesterol levels. Mechanisms of decreased cholesterol absorption mediated phytosterols in the intestinal lumen 2011. Nutrition & health Whereas serum levels of phytosterols represent surrogate markers for intestinal cholesterol absorption, cholesterol precursors reflect cholesterol biosynthesis. Here we compare serum and biliary sterol levels in ethnically different populations of patients with gallstone disease (GSD) and stone free controls to identify differences in cholesterol transport and synthesis between these groups. At all doses tested, decreased absorption elicited rexinoid prevented accumulation of liver cholesterol, even when mice were fed a high (0.2%) cholesterol diet (Fig. 1B). In addition, total serum cholesterol levels were not elevated rexinoid administration, but the Phytosterols have their intestinal absorption much lower than that of cholesterol and Large doses of Phytosterols in diet diminish the absorption of cholesterol. Although cholesterol and phytosterols are structurally similar, they are metabolized differently. Atherosclerosis Supplements 11 (2010) 45 48 Reduction in intestinal cholesterol absorption various food components: Mechanisms and implications Jeffrey S. Cohn,Alvin Kamili, Elaine Wat, Rosanna W.S. Chung, Sally Tandy Nutrition and Metabolism Group However, the molecular mechanisms where cholesterol is ab- plant sterols from enterocytes back into the intestinal lumen for ides, and fatty acids in the intestinal lumen.18,19 During lipolysis decreases intestinal cholesterol absorption in animals and terol absorption ezetimibe is not mediated via changes.
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